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This major will be available to declare beginning in Fall 2025. Please contact the Undergraduate Chair with any questions.

The major in 红杏直播 and East European Studies (12 c.u.) offers an interdisciplinary framework for exploring the languages, literatures, cultures, histories, and societies of Russia, Central and Eastern Europe, Central Asia and the Caucasus, and the Balkan and Baltic regions. Students fulfill the language requirement by studying any language of the region offered at Penn, and the major鈥檚 flexible structure allows for focused study across different periods, places, and disciplines. Coursework spans the humanities and social sciences, and students are encouraged to incorporate a summer or semester of study abroad to strengthen their language skills and gain firsthand experience in the region. An honors option is available for qualified students pursuing independent research.

Major Requirements

Language Prerequisite

The REES major requires 4 semesters or equivalent in any language of the region, subject to approval by the Undergraduate Chair. For most languages, including 红杏直播, this requirement is fulfilled by the course numbered 0400 or 0401. These courses do not count toward the major's 12 c.u.

Core Courses (5 c.u.)

One course from each of five core categories.

• Introductory Core: any course numbered REES 0000-0099
• Historical Foundations: any course with attribute REES Historical Foundations (ARHF)
• Literary Traditions: any course with attribute REES Literary Traditions (ARLT)
• Modern Culture: any course with attribute REES Modern Culture (ARMC)
• Social Thought: any course with attribute REES Social Thought (ARSO)

Electives (7 c.u.)

Any seven courses with a REES subject code or bearing the attribute REES Elective (ARNE), or language courses beyond the second year of instruction.

Minimum Grade

Students must receive a grade of C+ or above in a course for it to count toward a core requirement or elective in the REES major.

Study Abroad and Immersion Opportunities

Students are encouraged to consider study abroad options as a way to gain knowledge and understanding of the local communities they study and to advance their language competency. Up to 4 c.u. from study abroad and/or summer programs in the USA may be counted toward the REES major. An additional 2 c.u. may be approved, under rare circumstances and only with advance permission, for students who devote more than one semester/summer toward such programs. All external credit is subject to departmental approval. For more information, click here.

Honors

Students with a minimum overall GPA of 3.3 overall GPA and a GPA of at least 3.6 in REES coursework are eligible to pursue honors in the major. To qualify, students must complete a research thesis of 35-40 pages, including bibliography and notes, under the supervision of a REES faculty member whose expertise aligns with the proposed topic.

The honors thesis may be written during either semester of the senior year. Students must enroll in REES 4998 (note that REES 4998 does not count toward the major's 12 c.u.) and should submit a two-page research proposal endorsed by their faculty advisor to the Undergraduate Chair within the first week of the semester in which they intend to complete the thesis. The deadline for Fall 2025 is听September 5, 2025.

Only original work completed specifically for the REES major will be considered for honors; research projects submitted for other programs or majors will not be accepted. Students may also fulfill the honors requirement by enrolling in a relevant graduate seminar (with prior approval from the Undergraduate Chair) and earning on A on a final paper that meets the expectations for a REES honors thesis.

Only theses awarded the grade of A will confer honors in the major. A copy of the completed thesis must be submitted to the Undergraduate Chair before the major certification is approved for graduation. All honors theses are kept on file by the Department.